What is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when there is an issue with the blood flow to the brain, causing brain cells to become damaged and eventually die. This damage disrupts the normal functioning of the body, often leading to weakness in the face or limbs. In some cases, only one side of the body or a single limb may be affected.

Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke

Common signs and symptoms of a stroke include:

Drooling or dribbling from the mouth

Numbness or weakness

Blurred or impaired vision

A sudden, severe headache

Difficulty maintaining balance or coordination

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Difficulty speaking or understanding speech

First Aid Steps for a Stroke

If someone is having a stroke, quick action is critical. Every minute counts. Here’s what you should do immediately as first aid:

1. Recognize the Signs of a Stroke (Use F.A.S.T.):

F – Face: Ask them to smile. Is one side of their face drooping?
A – Arms: Ask them to raise both arms. Is one arm drifting downward or unable to lift?
S – Speech: Ask them to say a simple sentence. Is their speech slurred or strange?
T – Time: If any signs are present, call emergency services immediately (e.g., 911).

2. Call Emergency Services Immediately

Do not wait to see if symptoms go away. Call for emergency help right away. Tell them you suspect a stroke.

3. Keep the Person Safe and Comfortable

Help them sit or lie down in a safe position.

If they’re conscious, keep them calm and still.

Loosen tight clothing, especially around the neck.

Do not give food, drink, or medicine—they may have trouble swallowing.

4. Monitor Their Condition

Check if they are breathing and responsive.

If they become unconscious, place them in the recovery position (on their side).

If they are not breathing, begin CPR and call for help if you haven’t already.

5. Note the Time Symptoms Started

This is vital for doctors, because certain stroke treatments must be given within a few hours of symptom onset.

What Not to Do:

Don’t let them go to sleep.

Don’t give them anything by mouth (water, food, meds).

Don’t drive them to the hospital unless absolutely necessary—ambulance care is faster and better equipped.

Remember:

“Time is brain.” The sooner a stroke is treated, the better the chances of survival and recovery.